轉自http://www.cnblogs.com/peida/archive/2013/03/11/2953420.html

ssSocket Statistics的縮寫。顧名思義,ss命令可以用來獲取socket統計資訊,它可以顯示和netstat類似的內容。但ss的優勢在於它能夠顯示更多更詳細的有關TCP和連接狀態的資訊,而且比netstat更快速更高效。

當伺服器的socket連接數量變得非常大時,無論是使用netstat命令還是直接cat /proc/net/tcp,執行速度都會很慢。可能你不會有切身的感受,但請相信我,當伺服器維持的連接達到上萬個的時候,使用netstat等於浪費 生命,而用ss才是節省時間。

天下武功唯快不破。ss快的秘訣在於,它利用到了TCP協議棧中tcp_diagtcp_diag是一個用於分析統計的模組,可以獲得Linux 內核中第一手的資訊,這就確保了ss的快捷高效。當然,如果你的系統中沒有tcp_diagss也可以正常運行,只是效率會變得稍慢。(但仍然比 netstat要快。)

1.命令格式:

ss [參數]

ss [參數] [過濾]

2.命令功能:

ss(Socket Statistics的縮寫)命令可以用來獲取 socket統計資訊,此命令輸出的結果類似於 netstat輸出的內容,但它能顯示更多更詳細的 TCP連接狀態的資訊,且比 netstat 更快速高效。它使用了 TCP協議棧中 tcp_diag(是一個用於分析統計的模組),能直接從獲得第一手內核資訊,這就使得 ss命令快捷高效。在沒有 tcp_diagss也可以正常運行。

3.命令參數:

-h, --help 説明資訊

-V, --version 程式版本資訊

-n, --numeric 不解析服務名稱

-r, --resolve        解析主機名稱

-a, --all 顯示所有通訊端(sockets

-l, --listening 顯示監聽狀態的通訊端(sockets

-o, --options        顯示計時器資訊

-e, --extended       顯示詳細的通訊端(sockets)資訊

-m, --memory         顯示通訊端(socket)的記憶體使用情況

-p, --processes 顯示使用通訊端(socket)的進程

-i, --info 顯示 TCP內部資訊

-s, --summary 顯示通訊端(socket)使用概況

-4, --ipv4           僅顯示IPv4的通訊端(sockets

-6, --ipv6           僅顯示IPv6的通訊端(sockets

-0, --packet         顯示 PACKET 通訊端(socket

-t, --tcp 僅顯示 TCP通訊端(sockets

-u, --udp 僅顯示 UCP通訊端(sockets

-d, --dccp 僅顯示 DCCP通訊端(sockets

-w, --raw 僅顯示 RAW通訊端(sockets

-x, --unix 僅顯示 Unix通訊端(sockets

-f, --family=FAMILY  顯示 FAMILY類型的通訊端(sockets),FAMILY可選,支援  unix, inet, inet6, link, netlink

-A, --query=QUERY, --socket=QUERY

      QUERY := {all|inet|tcp|udp|raw|unix|packet|netlink}[,QUERY]

-D, --diag=FILE     將原始TCP通訊端(sockets)資訊轉儲到檔

 -F, --filter=FILE   從檔中都去篩檢程式資訊

       FILTER := [ state TCP-STATE ] [ EXPRESSION ]

4.使用實例:

實例1:顯示TCP連接

命令:

ss -t -a

輸出:

 

[root@localhost ~]# ss -t -a
State      Recv-Q Send-Q                                Local Address:Port                                    Peer Address:Port   
LISTEN     0      0                                         127.0.0.1:smux                                               *:*       
LISTEN     0      0                                                 *:3690                                               *:*       
LISTEN     0      0                                                 *:ssh                                                *:*       
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.120.204:ssh                                        10.2.0.68:49368   
[root@localhost ~]

 

說明:

實例2:顯示 Sockets 摘要

命令:

ss -s

輸出:

 

[root@localhost ~]# ss -s
Total: 34 (kernel 48)
TCP:   4 (estab 1, closed 0, orphaned 0, synrecv 0, timewait 0/0), ports 3

Transport Total     IP        IPv6
*         48        -         -        
RAW       0         0         0        
UDP       5         5         0        
TCP       4         4         0        
INET      9         9         0        
FRAG      0         0         0        

[root@localhost ~]

 

說明:

列出當前的established, closed, orphaned and waiting TCP sockets

實例3列出所有打開的網路連接埠

命令:

ss -l

輸出:

 

[root@localhost ~]# ss -l
Recv-Q Send-Q                                     Local Address:Port                                         Peer Address:Port   
0      0                                              127.0.0.1:smux                                                    *:*       
0      0                                                      *:3690                                                    *:*       
0      0                                                      *:ssh                                                     *:*       
[root@localhost ~]
 

 

說明:

實例4:查看進程使用的socket

命令:

ss -pl

輸出:

 

[root@localhost ~]# ss -pl
Recv-Q Send-Q                                     Local Address:Port                                         Peer Address:Port   
0      0                                              127.0.0.1:smux                                                    *:*        users:((
"snmpd",2716,8))
0      0                                                      *:3690                                                    *:*        users:((
"svnserve",3590,3))
0      0                                                      *:ssh                                                     *:*        users:((
"sshd",2735,3))
[root@localhost ~]
#

 

說明:

實例5:找出打開通訊端/埠應用程式

命令:

ss -lp | grep 3306

輸出:

 

[root@localhost ~]# ss -lp|grep 1935
0      0                            *:1935                          *:*        users:(("fmsedge",2913,18))
0      0                    127.0.0.1:19350                         *:*        users:((
"fmsedge",2913,17))
[root@localhost ~]
# ss -lp|grep 3306
0      0                            *:3306                          *:*        users:(("mysqld",2871,10))
[root@localhost ~]

 

說明:

實例6:顯示所有UDP Sockets

命令:

ss -u -a

輸出:

 

[root@localhost ~]# ss -u -a
State      Recv-Q Send-Q                                Local Address:Port                                    Peer Address:Port   
UNCONN     0      0                                         127.0.0.1:syslog                                             *:*       
UNCONN     0      0                                                 *:snmp                                               *:*       
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.120.203:39641                                  10.58.119.119:domain 
[root@localhost ~]
#

 

說明:

實例7:顯示所有狀態為establishedSMTP連接

命令:

ss -o state established '( dport = :smtp or sport = :smtp )' 

輸出:

[root@localhost ~]# ss -o state established '( dport = :smtp or sport = :smtp )' 
Recv-Q Send-Q                                     Local Address:Port                                         Peer Address:Port   
[root@localhost ~]
#

說明:

實例8:顯示所有狀態為EstablishedHTTP連接

命令:

ss -o state established '( dport = :http or sport = :http )' 

輸出:

[root@localhost ~]# ss -o state established '( dport = :http or sport = :http )' 
Recv-Q Send-Q                                     Local Address:Port                                         Peer Address:Port   
0      0                                              75.126.153.214:2164                                        192.168.10.42:http    
[root@localhost ~]

說明:

實例9:列舉出處於 FIN-WAIT-1狀態的源埠為 80或者 443,目標網路為 193.233.7/24所有 tcp通訊端

命令:

ss -o state fin-wait-1 '( sport = :http or sport = :https )' dst 193.233.7/24

輸出:

說明:

實例10:用TCP 狀態過濾Sockets:

命令:

ss -4 state FILTER-NAME-HERE 

ss -6 state FILTER-NAME-HERE

輸出:

[root@localhost ~]#ss -4 state closing 
Recv-Q Send-Q                                                  Local Address:Port                                                      Peer Address:Port 
1      11094                                                  75.126.153.214:http                                                      192.168.10.42:4669 

說明:

FILTER-NAME-HERE 可以代表以下任何一個:

established

syn-sent

syn-recv

fin-wait-1

fin-wait-2

time-wait

closed

close-wait

last-ack

listen

closing

 

all : 所有以上狀態

connected : 除了listen and closed的所有狀態

synchronized :所有已連接的狀態除了syn-sent

bucket : 顯示狀態為maintained as minisockets,如:time-waitsyn-recv.

big : bucket相反.

實例11匹配遠端位址和埠號

命令:

ss dst ADDRESS_PATTERN

ss dst 192.168.1.5

ss dst 192.168.119.113:http 

ss dst 192.168.119.113:smtp 

ss dst 192.168.119.113:443

輸出:

 

[root@localhost ~]# ss dst 192.168.119.113
State      Recv-Q Send-Q                                Local Address:Port                                    Peer Address:Port   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16014                                192.168.119.113:20229   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16014                                192.168.119.113:61056   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16014                                192.168.119.113:61623   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16014                                192.168.119.113:60924   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16050                                192.168.119.113:43701   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16073                                192.168.119.113:32930   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16073                                192.168.119.113:49318   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16014                                192.168.119.113:3844    
[root@localhost ~]
# ss dst 192.168.119.113:http
State      Recv-Q Send-Q                                Local Address:Port                                    Peer Address:Port   
[root@localhost ~]
# ss dst 192.168.119.113:3844
State      Recv-Q Send-Q                                Local Address:Port                                    Peer Address:Port   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16014                                192.168.119.113:3844    
[root@localhost ~]

 

說明:

實例12:匹配本地位址和埠號

命令:

ss src ADDRESS_PATTERN

ss src 192.168.119.103

ss src 192.168.119.103:http

ss src 192.168.119.103:80

ss src 192.168.119.103:smtp

ss src 192.168.119.103:25

輸出:

 

[root@localhost ~]# ss src 192.168.119.103:16021
State      Recv-Q Send-Q                                Local Address:Port                                    Peer Address:Port   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                192.168.119.201:63054   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                192.168.119.201:62894   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                192.168.119.201:63055   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                192.168.119.201:2274    
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                192.168.119.201:44784   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                192.168.119.201:7233    
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                192.168.119.103:58660   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                192.168.119.201:44822   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                     10.2.1.206:56737   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                     10.2.1.206:57487   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                     10.2.1.206:56736   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                     10.2.1.206:64652   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                     10.2.1.206:56586   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                     10.2.1.206:64653   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                     10.2.1.206:56587   
[root@localhost ~]

 

說明:

實例13:將本地或者遠端埠和一個數比較

命令:

ss dport OP PORT 

ss sport OP PORT

輸出:

 

[root@localhost ~]# ss  sport = :http 
[root@localhost ~]# ss  dport = :http 
[root@localhost ~]# ss  dport \> :1024 
[root@localhost ~]# ss  sport \> :1024 
[root@localhost ~]# ss sport \< :32000 
[root@localhost ~]# ss  sport eq :22 
[root@localhost ~]# ss  dport != :22 
[root@localhost ~]# ss  state connected sport = :http 
[root@localhost ~]# ss \( sport = :http or sport = :https \) 
[root@localhost ~]# ss -o state fin-wait-1 \( sport = :http or sport = :https \) dst 192.168.1/24

 

說明:

ss dport OP PORT 遠端埠和一個數比較;ss sport OP PORT 本地埠和一個數比較。

OP 可以代表以下任意一個: 

<= or le : 小於或等於埠號

>= or ge : 大於或等於埠號

== or eq : 等於埠號

!= or ne : 不等於埠號

< or gt : 小於埠號

> or lt : 大於埠號

實例14ss  netstat 效率對比

命令:

time netstat -at

time ss

輸出:

 

[root@localhost ~]# time ss   
real    0m0.739s
user    0m0.019s
sys     0m0.013s
[root@localhost ~]

[root@localhost ~]# time netstat -at
real    2m45.907s
user    0m0.063s
sys     0m0.067s
[root@localhost ~]
#

 

 

說明:

time 命令分別獲取通過netstatss命令獲取程式和概要佔用資源所使用的時間。在伺服器連接數比較多的時候,netstat的效率完全沒法和ss比。

 

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